Friday, November 9, 2018

Verizon FiOS Infrastructure - Residential to Provider

For those who have Verizon FiOS and are curious about the "backend" of their ISP.

Overview

Components, as listed in network order from your PC to the Internet:




Home Network

Your home network can be connected in one of three ways:
  1. Ethernet by ONT direct Cat-5 (preferred)
  2. Ethernet via Modem Router MoCA coaxial (common)
  3. Ethernet via Set-Top Box's MoCA coaxial (rare)

Ethernet via ONT direct Cat-5 (preferred)


  1. Personal Computer
  2. Cat-5E cabling for 802.3/1000Base-T
  3. Your firewall (you do do have a firewall?)
  4. Cat-5E cabling for 802.3/1000Base-T
  5. ActionTec MI424WR, 4-port wireless broadband modem router, 2-channel MoCA,.
  6. Cat-5E cabling for 802.3/1000Base-T; no PPP, no PPPoE, no PPTP. Straight TCP/IP.
  7. ONT, Motorola 1400, via Ethernet RJ-45 connector

Ethernet via Modem Router MoCA coaxial (common)

or most commonly used method by Verizon installer is:
  1. Personal Computer
  2. Cat-5E cabling for 802.3/1000Base-T
  3. Your firewall
  4. Cat-5E cabling for 802.3/1000Base-T
  5. ActionTec MI424WR, 4-port wireless broadband router, 2-channel MoCA
  6. RG-6 cabling, with F-connectors, MoCA protocol
  7. ONT, Motorola 1400, coaxial, via F-connector

Ethernet via Set-Top Box's MoCA coaxial (rare)

or that rarely used Ethernet port behind the Set-Top Box
  1. Personal Computer
  2. Cat-5E cabling for 802.3/1000Base-T
  3. Your firewall
  4. Cat-5E cabling for 802.3/1000Base-T
  5. Cable Set-Top Box (STB), IP-STB1 cable media gateway (MAC Arris/ResiNet, aka DOCSIS Gateway w/ MoCA, aka Digital STB)
  6. RG-6 cabling, with F-connectors, MoCA protocol
  7. ONT, Motorola 1400, coaxial, via F-connector

ISP Network

Then to the ISP Network

then
  1. Motorola ONT 1400 Single Family Unit (SFU) is an ITU G.984-compliant GPON intelligent optical network terminal (ONT)
  2. Fiber cable, Single-Mode (SM), SC connector
  3. MTP/MTO optical splitter, 4:1, on telephone poles
  4. Optical Nodes
  5. Trunk Fiber cable, Single-Mode (SM)
  6. Head-End

Head-End

Head-End comprises of the following:
  1. Trunk Fiber cable, Single-Mode (SM)
  2. EQAM
  3. Juniper EX3300, 24-Port PoE+ GE/4-Port SFP+ AC Switch 
  4. Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) network
  5. CMTS
  6. CATV

= Technical Evolution =


DOCSIS RELEASE MAX DOWNLOAD MAX UPLOAD DATE RELEASED
DOCSIS 1 40 Mbps 10 Mbps
DOCSIS 1.1 40 Mbps 10 Mbps
DOCSIS 2 40 Mbps 30 Mbps
DOCSIS 2.5 - -- Discontinued use of RG-59 cable
DOCSIS 3 1.2 Gbps 200 Mbps
DOCSIS 3.1 10 Gbps 1 Gbps
DOCSIS 3.1 Full Duplex 10 Gbps 10 Gbps 2015

Equipments

ONT
  • SFH ONT 612AZ
  • Motorola ONT 140
Legend:
  • SFU Exterior (ONT Outside of Home): An ONT is installed outside. The battery backup unit (BBU) and power supply (PS) are installed inside. The PS must be within 6 feet of a grounded outlet. The PS can be up to 50 feet from the BBU. SFU Exterior installs are now only done if an SFU Interior is not feasible.
  • SFU Interior (ONT Wall-Mounted Inside of Home): An All-In-One ONT is usually used on house interior installs. The ONT, BBU (if applicable) and PS are in a single enclosure. SFU Interior is the most common type of install.
  • SFU Desktop (ONT Self-Standing Inside of Home): A small ONT is placed inside the house, not wall mounted. This setup is used if wall space is limited. Desktop ONTs can also be wall mounted inside or outside, in an enclosure. This makes them the most versatile, and therefore most common type of ONT used.
  • SOHO Exterior (ONT Outside of Office): Same as SFU Exterior, except the ONT has extra Ethernet and Telephone ports for the Office/Small Business.
Manufacturer Model Type Style MoCA/Coax Ethernet/VDSL2 POTS
Alcatel I-211M-L SFU Interior Desktop
Exterior
1: MoCA 1: 10/100/1G Ethernet 2
Alcatel O-24121G-A MDU Shared 12 12: 10/100/1G Ethernet 24
Alcatel O-24121V-A MDU Shared 12 12: VDSL2 24
Alcatel O-821M-A SOHO Exterior 1: MoCA 2: 10/100/1G Ethernet 8
Motorola 1000-GI4 SFU Interior 1: MoCA 1: 10/100/1G Ethernet 2
Motorola 1000-GJ4 SFU Interior 1: MoCA 1: 10/100/1G Ethernet 2
Motorola 1000-GT4 SFU Exterior 1: MoCA 1: 10/100/1G Ethernet 2
Motorola 14842 SOHO Exterior 1: MoCA 5: 10/100/1G Ethernet 8
Motorola 6000-GET MDU Shared 1: MoCA 12: 10/100/1G Ethernet 24
Motorola 6000-GVT MDU Shared 1: MoCA 12: VDSL2 24

 Phased out:
  • MDU Shared (ONT in Shared Location for Apartments and Condos): A shared ONT is placed in the apartment or condo building. Speeds are limited to anywhere from 15/5 to 75/75, depending on the ONT, and FiOS Digital Voice is not available. There is, however, FiOS Freedom Essentials, which isn't VoIP.

Modem Router

DOCSIS 3.0 MoCA Modem Routers:

Set-Top Box

  • Motorola QIP2500 (S-video, composite [RCA], Coax)
  • Motorola 7232-P2, Multi-Room DVR
  • Motorola 7216, HD DVR
  • Motorola 7100-P2 HD Set-top Box
  • Motorola 7100-P1 HD Set-top Box
  • Cisco CHS 435 HD DVR
  • Cisco CHS 335 HD Set-top Box

Terminologies

  • CMTS - Cable Modem Termination System
  • Directional Coupler - Similar to a splitter but with a different attenuation between output ports.  Generally there is one main output that has little attenuation and a second output that has more attenuation.
  • DOCSIS - Data Over Cable System Interface Specification, Cable TV's data protocol
  • Node - any device that connects to the MoCA network
  • ONT - Optical Network Termination
  • STB - Set-Top Box - Any device that feeds audio and video signals to a television.  These are generally cable, satellite, or IP inputs.
  • Telco - Telephone Company Service Provider
  • WECB - Wi-Fi Ethernet Coax Bridge - a bridge which converts between Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and/or MoCA in any combination.

References


  1. https://www.cablelabs.com/specs/ 
  2. https://www3.nd.edu/~cpoellab/teaching/cse40815/Chapter6.pdf 
  3. http://www.lightreading.com/cable-video/docsis/docsis-31-targets-10-gig-downstream/d/d-id/699136 
  4. https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-16-6A1.pdf 
  5. http://www.klonex.com.pl/media/produkty/pdf/motorola-ont1400gt.pdf